人力资本的定义与分类研究述评

A Review of Researches on the Definition and Classification of Human Capital

尽管人力资本这一概念的提出已经有半个多世纪,但是对于人力资本的定义和分类一直没有统一的认识,本文在整理和分析国内外学者的研究后发现,研究者主要从人力资本要素、资本价值以及人力资本表现形式三个角度来定义人力资本,同时,通过频数分析发现知识、能力和技术是广泛认可的人力资本要素。此外,人力资本的分类主要有基于人力资本的性质、所有者类型以及所蕴含的知识类别这三种分类方法。基于已有的研究成果,本文尝试性地提出一个新的人力资本定义,并对人力资本的分类做简要评述。

It has been over half a century since the proposal of the concept of human capital,but there has not been a unified understanding of the definition and classification of human capital.After collecting and analyzing relative studies of domestic and foreign researchers,we found that researchers define human capital mostly from three angles,which are human capital factors,capital value and manifestations of human capital.Meanwhile,through frequency analysis we found that the most widely recognized human capital factors are knowledge,ability and technical.Furthermore,we found that the classification of human capital mainly based on three kinds of classification method,they are nature of human capital,the owner type and knowledge category.This paper tried to proposal a new definition of human capital based on past researches and had a review on the classification of human capital.