不同地膜与覆盖方式土壤水温与作物增产效应

Effects of Different Plastic Films and Mulching Patterns on the Soil Temperature,Moisture,and Corn Yield

通过大田试验研究了不同地膜(宽幅普通地膜、窄幅普通地膜、宽幅微孔地膜与窄幅微孔地膜)与不同覆盖方式(平铺覆盖和起垄覆盖)下土壤水分和温度的动态变化规律以及对玉米生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同地膜与覆盖方式都具有明显的增温保水作用,且增温作用强于保水作用,增温作用主要表现在玉米生育前期,显著促进了玉米前期生长,为后期生殖生长奠定了良好的基础。玉米产量均显著高于CK,增产原因主要是显著增加了玉米百粒重,水分利用效率也显著高于CK。在试验区低温干旱并存的气候条件下,宽幅普通地膜平铺覆盖是一种简单、低成本、高效的覆盖栽培方式,能有效提高水分利用率,增加表层土壤温度,显著提高玉米产量,实现最大的经济效益。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different plastic films（broad ordinary mulch film,narrow ordinary mulch film,broad microporous mulch film,and narrow microporous mulch film） and different mulching patterns（flat spreading mulching and ridging mulching） on soil temperature,soil moisture,maize growth and development,yield,and WUE.The results indicated that different plastic films and mulching patterns showed significant temperature-increasing effect and moisture-preserving effect and their temperature-increasing effect was better than their moisture-preserving effect.The temperature-increasing effect mainly appeared in earlier period of corn growth and development,and significantly promoted corn plant growth at earlier stage and established a good foundation for the corn reproductive growth at later period.The corn yields and WUE of the different plastic film and mulching pattern treatments were all significantly higher than that of CK.The reason of yield-increasing effect was mainly due to the significant increase of hundred kernel weight.Considering the results comprehensively,broad width ordinary plastic film with flat spreading mulching is a simple,low cost,and high efficient mulching cultivation method under the climate condition of low temperature and drought.It can significantly increase WUE of plant,enhance temperature of surface soil,improve corn yield,achieve maximum economic benefit.