新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲水资源供需分析

Supply and demand analysis on water resources in Weigan river-Kuqa river delta oasis,Xinjiang

利用水文资料、当地群众的灌水经验、部分试验资料和理论公式来计算渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的水资源总量和需水总量,计算结果显示:(1)渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲可以引用的地表水资源为30.71×108m3,不重复的地下水资源为0.39×108m3/a,水资源总量为31.10×108m3。(2)渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲种植业需水量为8.01×108m3,生态需水量为24.16×108m3,工业和生活需水量为1.22×108m3,总需水量为33.39×108m3,缺水量为2.29×108m3。(3)因地表水紧张,大量的开采利用地下水,地下水位大幅度下降,导致绿洲周边天然灌丛及草本植物的衰退。近10a来绿洲平原天然植被覆盖减少面积为12.58×104hm2。(4)研究区天然生态植被的生态用水多来源于地下水,其需水量为21.99×108m3,而地下水的各类补给量为19.94×108m3,天然生态植被的生态缺水量为2.05×108m3。因此,灌区内经济用水与最小生态用水的分配比例保持在9:1是非常必要的。

In this study the total amount of water resources and water demand in Weigan river-Kuqa river delta oasis was computed using hydrographic materials,irrigating experience of local residents,some experimental materials and theoretical formulas.The results show that,（1）the usable surface water in Weigan river-Kuqa river delta oasis is 30.71×108 m3,uncirculated groundwater is 0.39×108m3/a,total amount of water resources is 31.10×108 m3.（2）Water demand for crop farming is 8.01×108m3,ecological water demand is 24.16×108m3,water demand for industry and for life is 1.22×108m3,total water demand is 33.39×108 m3,water shortage is 2.29×108m3.（3）Due to the shortage of surface water,ground water was widely exploited which resulted in sharp decrease of groundwater level and degradation of herbaceous plant and shrubs around the oasis.decrease of vegetation cover in oasis was 12.58×104hm2 in recent 10 years.（4）Ecological water consumption of vegetation in the study area comes mostly from groundwater,amount of which is 21.99×108m3,various kinds of groundwater supply are 19.94 ×108m3,water shortage is 2.05×108m3.For this reason,it is very necessary to keep the retion of economic water consumption to the minimum ecological water consumption at 9：1.