双层模型下艾比湖湿地植物群落蒸散计算

Calculation of Evapotranspiration of Plant Communities in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Base on Two-layer Energy Balance Model

基于双层模型原理,结合生长季的实测数据验证,计算新疆艾比湖湿地植物群落生长季节蒸散量的时空变化,选择胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)3种不同植物群落的蒸散量进行比较。结果表明:艾比湖湿地生长季植物群落平均蒸散量约为10mm/d,最大值在20mm/d以上,出现在5～8月,总体表现出随季节变化先增长后降低的特点;3种典型植物群落蒸散强度依次为:胡杨群落>柽柳群落>梭梭群落。构建基于能量平衡的干旱区自然系统蒸散量模型时,应考虑地表植被类型和干旱区特性。研究结果对干旱区水量平衡计算、不同植物群落的蒸腾耗水量以及艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态建设规划具有一定的参考意义。

In this paper, a model is developed for calculating the values of evapotranspiration of different plant communities in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve of Xinjiang based on the two-layer energy balance model, and then the calculated results are verified with the measured data in growing season. The spafiotemporal dynamic change of vegetation evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration of three plant communities [ Populus euphratica Oliv, Tamarix chinensis Lour. and Haloxylon ammodendron （Meye） Bge. ] is also analyzed and compared. The result show that the evapotranspiration of all the natural plant communities was about 10 mm/d, and seasonally increased at first and then decreasedwith a maximum value （20 mm/d） occurred during the period from May to August. The evapotranspiration intensity of the plant communities ranged in an order of P. euphratica Oliv. 〉 T. chinensis Lour. 〉 1t. ammodendron （Meye） Bge. In developing the basic energy balance model for an arid area, the most importance is to consider the ground vegetation types and the features in arid area. The study results can be referred in calculating the water balance and transpiration water consumption of different plant communities in arid area, and also in planning the ecological construction in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve of Xinjiang.