森林生物量和净生长量测算方法综述

Overview of Forest Biomass and Models of Estimating NPP

森林生物量和净生长量测算是全球变化和碳循环研究的重要基础。其测算方法可分为3大类:实测法、材积法和遥感法。林分生物量和净生长量的实测和推测在点的测算上精度较高,适用于对小面积林分的测算;材基推算法为森林生物量的研究从样地实测向区域尺度的估算提供了丰富的数据基础,也使得从时间尺度上对森林生物量及净生长量动态变化的研究成为可能,但针对某类森林的估算模型还有待于更为深入地验证和探讨;基于遥感技术的森林生物量和净生长量模型的建立,在大尺度森林生物量及净生长量的估算上有着其他方法不可替代的优势,同时可以实现对特定区域森林生物量、生产力和碳循环状况长期的、动态的、连续的估算和预测,选用合适的数据源和数学建模方法是进一步提高其估算精度的根本途径。

Estimation of forest biomass and NPP is of great importance to study global change and terrestrial carbon budget. The estimating models can be divided into three types,such as the forest inventory data （ FID）-based biomass and NPP models and RS-based forest biomass and NPP models,and they are used to measure the forest biomass and NPP in field. Methods of measuring the forest biomass and NPP at plot have a high precision and are suitable for measuring small-area forest stand; forest inventory data （ FID） -based biomass and NPP models provide a rich data base for estimating forest biomass and NPP at plot,regional and national scales,and it become possible that the models can be used to observe the spatiotemporal dynamic change of forest biomass and NPP,but the model for a special forest type needs to be developed,lucubrated and validated; RS-based forest biomass and NPP models have the irreplaceable advantages in estimating forest biomass and NPP at large scale,and they can be used to carry out the long-term,dynamic and continuous estimation and prediction of forest biomass,productivity and dynamic status of carbon cycle. The basic path to improve the precision of RS-based forest biomass and NPP models is to select the appropriate data sources and mathematical modeling.