不同生态环境对陆地棉杂交F_2代主要农艺性状的影响

Effects of different ecological environments on main agronomic traits of F_2 generation in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)

在黄河流域棉区的河南新乡(环境Ⅰ)和西北内陆棉区的新疆石河子(环境Ⅱ)两种不同的生态环境下,对陆地棉杂交F2代的主要农艺性状进行了变异系数、相关、通径和回归分析。结果表明:两种环境性状的变异系数皮棉产量和单株铃数均最大,生育期均最小,铃重、籽指和衣分存在较大差别。两种环境各性状间的相关不尽一致,单株铃数与衣分、衣指、籽指,衣分与衣指,皮棉产量与始节高度、衣分、籽指间均表现出正负相关的明显差别。两种环境株高、总果枝数、单株铃数、铃重和衣指与皮棉产量的相关系数和直接通径系数均为正值,对这些性状直接选择是有效的;衣分在环境Ⅱ与皮棉产量的相关系数和直接通径系数虽均为负值,但可通过衣指对皮棉产量有较大促进作用;一些性状与皮棉产量的相关系数和直接通径系数均为负值,对其选择应控制在一定的范围内。回归分析进一步明确了环境Ⅰ中株高、单株铃数和衣指对皮棉产量有显著影响,环境Ⅱ中生育期、总果枝数、单株铃数和铃重对皮棉产量有显著影响,为棉花产量的生态穿梭育种明确了主攻方向。

Variation coefficient,correlation,path and regression for the main agronomic traits were analyzed using F2 generation of upland cotton（G.hirsutum L.） in Yellow River Valley cotton area（Xinxiang,Henan,environment I） and Northwest Inland cotton area（Shihezi,Xinjiang,environment II）.The results were as follows： In two environments,variation coefficient of lint yield and bolls per plant were always the largest,growth period was always the smallest,and there existed bigger difference on boll weight,seed index and lint percentage.Correlations of the various environmental traits were not consistent.Correlations between bolls per plant and lint percentage、lint index、seed index,lint percentage and lint index,lint yield and initial node height、lint percentage、seed index showed distinct differences related to positive and negative.In two environments,Correlation coefficients and direct path coefficients between plant height、fruit branches、bolls per plant、boll weight and lint yield were all positive,so selecting these traits directly was effective;the ones between lint percentage and lint yield in environment Ⅱ were all negative,but a large role could be played in promoting lint yield via lint index;and the ones of some traits in two environments were all negative,their selection should be controlled within a certain range.Regression analysis further defined that plant height,bolls per plant and lint index took a significant impact on lint yield in environment I while growth period,fruit branches,bolls per plant and boll weight in environment Ⅱ,which defined the main direction of ecological shuttle breeding of cotton yield.