兴趣与音节:略谈严羽诗学中复古倾向的真谛及其影响

Interests and Syllables:on the True Significance and Influence of Trend of Returning to the Ancients Literary Style in Yan Yu's Poetics

严羽《沧浪诗话》所言学诗"妙悟"的途径是"熟参",即对历代诗歌作品反复地"吟咏"或"讽咏",由此获得对汉魏晋盛唐诗歌"高古本色"的感性认识,而其"高古本色"内涵主要在于情感性(兴趣)和音乐性(音节)的统一。严羽关于诗歌"吟咏情性"的定义,即隐含"感动激发人意"的趣味和"一唱三叹之音"的音韵两方面。严羽《沧浪集》中大量拟古的作品为《沧浪诗话》的诗学旨趣提供了强有力的旁证。而在严羽诗学影响下的明代前后七子,其复古思潮也明显表现出恢复诗歌音乐性的倾向。

Yan Yu says in Cang Lang Shi Hua that the way of learning poetry is mainly by repeatedly intoning and satirizing poetical works in the past dynasties,in this way,the perceptual knowledge of poetic ＂ancient natural qualities＂ in Wei and Jin Dynasties and in Flourishing Tang Dynasty can be gained,the connotation of ＂ancient natural qualities＂ lies in the unity of interests and syllables. The definition of Yan Yu＇s ＂celebrating by verse＂ about poetry implies the interest of touching and arousing human will and the rhyme of circumlocution and profound meaning. A large number of archaistic works in Cang Lang Ji written by Yan Yu provide collateral evidences for the poetic objective of Cang Lang Shi Hua. ＂Qi Zi＂ in the early and late Ming Dynasty affected by Yan Yu＇s poetics,whose thought trend of ＂returning to the ancients＂ shows the tendency of restoring the melody of verse.