2种纤维源对鹅肠道正常菌群定植的影响

Effect of Two Kinds of Fibers on the Normal Flora Colonization in Geese Digestive System

[目的]探讨鹅日龄和消化道部位对正常菌群定植规律的影响以及正常菌群定植与消化纤维的关系。[方法]以吉林白鹅为试验动物,试验期间饲喂以羊草和玉米秸为纤维源的日粮。采用稀释滴种法对0～56.00日龄雏鹅消化道6个部位(腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠)靠近黏膜的内容物及黏膜的8种细菌(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌、类杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)进行分离、培养、鉴定、计数。[结果]雏鹅出壳前其消化道是无菌的,出壳后约6h,就可以在腺胃中查出细菌。随后需氧菌及兼性厌氧菌大量繁殖后,出现厌氧菌的繁殖高峰,46.00日龄左右雏鹅消化道完成定植过程;羊草组细菌数量比玉米秸秆组少,但乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的相对含量比玉米秸秆组高;大肠杆菌的优势部位为腺胃,肠球菌和乳酸杆菌的优势部位为回肠,葡萄球菌、真杆菌、类杆菌、消化球菌、双歧杆菌的优势部位为盲肠。[结论]日龄、消化道部位和纤维源显著影响各种菌的定植规律。

[ Objective ] The effect of the goose age and the location of digestive system on normal flora colonization and the relationship between normal flora colonization and the digestion fiber were researched. [ Method] The Jilin White goose being taken as experimental animal, in the trial period the L. chinensis and maize stalk as the source of dietary fiber was fed for it. the content of the material in the mucosh close to six locations （stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum） and eight species of the bacteria（ Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, digestive bacteria, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and E. coli） in the mucosa of gastrointestinal system of 0 -56.00 day old gosling were isolated, cultured, identified and counted with diluting dropping method. [ Results ] Before it was hatched the digestive system of gosling was sterile ; in about 6 hours after gosling was hatched, it could be found there was the bacteria in its proventriculus ; then, the peak of anaerobic bacteria multiplication appeared after the aerobic and facuhative anaerobic bacteria would largely multiply, and finally, in around 46.00 days the flora colonization in digestive system of gosling was completed. The number of the flora in the treatment of L. chinen- s/s was less than that of the treatment of maize straw, but the number of lactic acid bacteria and E. coli in the U＇eatment of L. chinensis was rel- atively higher than that of the treatment of maize straw. The advantage part of the of E. coli was in the proventriculus; the Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, in the ileum; the Staphylococcus, Eubacterium, Bacteroides, digestive bacteria and Bifidobacterium, in the appendix. [ Conclusion] The day-age, the part in digestive system and the fiber source significantly affected the colonization of various bacteria.