杂交水稻对三峡地区富营养化水体的净化作用

Study on the Purification Function of Hybrid Rice on Eutrophicated Water Body in Three Gorges Region

[目的]为深入研究杂交水稻对富营养化水体的生物净化作用提供依据。[方法]通过测定富营养化水体中溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)等指标在水稻不同生育期的动态变化,确定对富营养化水体具有较高净化能力的水稻品种。[结果]培养20d后,初步筛选出了8个对测试污水具有较强耐受能力的水稻品种,华两优Z016和II优1728在苗期就能大幅降低富营养化水体的COD。除川香29A/THR-44外,其余7个水稻品种的DO值均显著高于对照。华两优Z016对COD的影响最明显,II优1728次之。除华两优Z016以外,其余7个水稻品种的苗期总氮吸收能力最强。荆农优369与II优629对水体中总氮、总磷的吸收能力均较高。川香29A/THR-44、II优1728和II优207在后期生长中死亡,其他品种均正常生育并收获。荆农优369和II优629的综合效果最好。[结论]水稻对富营养化水体具有较强净化作用,且与水稻的遗传因素相关。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide basis for deeply studying the biological purification function of hybrid rice on eutrophicated water body. [ Method ] Through measuring the dynamic variation of indexes, such as dissolved oxygen （DO）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorous （TP） in eutrophicated water body, in different growth periods of rice, the rice varieties with higher purification capacity on eutrophicated water body were confirmed. [ Result] After culture for 20 d, 8 rice varieties with stronger tolerance to tested sewage were selected preliminarily, and HualiangyouZ016 and IIYou1728 could decrease COD in eutrophicated water body in their seed- ling stage. Except for Chuanxiang29A/THR-44, the DO values of the other 7 rice varieties were significantly higher than that of CK. The effect of HualiangyouZ016 on COD was most obvious and that of IIYou1728 was secondary. Except for HualiangyouZ016, the absorption ca- pacities of the other 7 rice varieties on TN were strongest in seedling stage. Jingnongyou369 and IIYou629 had higher absorption capacities on both TN and TP in water body. Chuanxiang29A/THR-44, IIYou1728 and IIYou207 died in late growth period and the other variety grew nor- mally till harvest. The integrated effects of Jingnongyou369 and IIYou629 were best. [Conclusion]Rice possessed stronger purification function on eutrophicated Water body and this purification function is related to its genetic factors.