珠母贝人工培育黑珍珠的影响因素分析

Artificial culture of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

采用不同术前处理方法、不同贝龄和不同珠核规格的实验条件,探讨珠母贝(Pinctadamargaritifera)育珠效果的影响因素。术前处理方法包括温差促排和阴干促排,贝龄设为1.5龄、2.0龄、2.5龄和3.0龄,珠核直径设为5.5mm、6.0mm、6.5mm和7.0mm。经1个月的休养和21个月的育珠,结果显示,休养与育珠期间,温差促排、阴干促排和未处理组间的成活率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但留核率、收珠率和优珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中温差促排组和未处理组分别具有最高和最低的留核率、收珠率和优珠率;4个贝龄组的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中1.5龄组具有最高的成活率,2龄组具有最高的留核率和收珠率,3龄组具有最低的成活率、留核率和收珠率;4个珠核规格组间的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中6.0mm组和7.0mm组分别具有最高和最低的留核率和收珠率。研究结果说明,术前处理具有明显提高珠母贝植核贝的成活率、留核率和收珠率;珠母贝第一次植核的最适贝龄应是1.5～2龄;珠母贝第一次植核的珠核适宜规格为6.0mm。本研究旨在为优质珍珠的培育提供理论参考。

The present paper reported the effects pre-operative conditions, ages and nucleus size on pearl performance of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. It was found that there were not significant differences in survival rate among the four groups （P 〉 0.05）, which were treated by gamete production induced by temperature and air-dried in the shade, gonad inhibited and non-treatmentin the pearl culture. There were significant differences in the nucleus retention, pearl obtained and high quality pearl rates among the four groups treated by pre-operative conditions （P 〈 0.05）. The groups treated by gamete production induced by temperature had the largest nucleus retention, pearl obtained and high quality pearl rates than the other three groups, while non-treated group displayed the smallest nucleus retention, pearl obtained and high quality pearl rates. Differences in survival rate during the period of recuperation and culture among 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 year old groups were significant （P 〈 0.05）. The survival rates during the period recuperation and culture were the highest in the 1.5 year old group and the lowest in the 3.0 year old group, respectively. The nucleus retention and pearl obtained rates were the highest in the 2.0 year old group, while the values were the lowest in the 3.0 year old group. There existed significant differences in survival rate during the period recuperation and culture among the four groups （P 〈 0.05）, where the 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 6.0mm size nucleus with were individually transplanted. The survival rate during the period recuperation and culture were the highest in the 5.5 mm size nucleus group and the lowest in the 7.0 mm size nucleus group, respectively. The nucleus retention and pearl obtained rates were the highest in 6.0 mm size nucleus group, while the values were the lowest in the 7.0 mm size nucleus group. It was concluded that the pre-operative condition is an important approach to improving the survival rate during the period recuperation and cul- ture, nucleus retention and pearl obtained rates of pearl oyster P. margaritifera. The pearl oyster P. margaritifera indi- viduals with ages ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 year old were optimal for nucleus transplantation operation. The nucleus size transplanted is 6.0mm for pearl oyster P. margaritifera. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2010, 17 （6）： 1340-1345 ]