α-晶状体蛋白在眼科疾病中的作用研究进展

Recent progress of role of α-crystallin in ophthalmological diseases

α-晶状体蛋白是晶状体中重要的成分蛋白质,是由αA-和αB-亚基组成的四聚体蛋白质。近年来研究表明α-晶状体蛋白具有很多特性,包括分子伴侣活性、自激酶活性、磷酸化丝氨酸残基-19、45、59模式及通过抑制细胞凋亡蛋白酶前体-3的活化抗凋亡等,但其主要作用在于维持晶状体的结构和屈光性,此外,它还可与视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)的细胞膜结合促进RGCs的存活和轴突的再生,部分改善视功能。α-晶状体蛋白分子伴侣活性的下降可导致其他晶状体蛋白的凝聚和酶的失活,与眼科疾病的发生密切相关。就α-晶状体蛋白的研究进展及其与眼科疾病的关系进行综述。

α-Crystallin is a major structural protein within the lens,and it consists of two types of subunits,αA and αB.These subunits propose a model for the quaternary,a structure of α-crystallin.Recently,it has been well known that α-crystallin has many features,including the molecular chaperone activity,the kinase activity,phosphorylation of serine residues-19,45,59 model and prevent apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis protease precursor（procaspase-3）＇s activation etc..However,the primary role of α-crystallin is to serve as a structural and refractive elements in lens.α-Crystallin is proved to combine with the cellular membrane of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）to enhance the survival of RGCs and the regeneration of axons and therefore partly restore visual function.Decline of the chaperon activity of α-crystallin results in the aggregation of some crystallins and the inactivation of enzymes,which is closely associated with the pathogenesis of some ophthalmological diseases.The current research progress of α-crystallin and its contribution to ophthalmological diseases was reviewed in this article.