动物转基因技术研究现状与应用前景

Research and Application of Animal Transgenic Technology

动物转基因技术是20世纪70～80年代兴起的一种生物技术,它从诞生之日起,就预示了广阔的应用前景。转基因技术经过多年的发展,已经形成了显微注射法、逆转录病毒载体法、精子载体法和体细胞核移植法等比较成熟的方法。近年来,又出现了性腺注射法、RNA干扰法、基因打靶结合克隆法等新技术。本文在前人研究的基础上重点总结了各种转基因方法的基本原理和国内外最新研究动态,对各种转基因技术的优缺点进行了详细的探讨。最后本文还对转基因技术在畜牧生产中的应用进行了阐述,并对转基因技术总体存在的问题进行了分析。

The animal transgenic technology which originated from the 70s～80s of the 20th century was a kind of advanced biological technology.It foreshowed a broad prospect for application as its birth.After years of development,the transgenic technology had formed many mature methods,such as microinjection method,retroviral vector method,sperm vector method,somatic cell nuclear transplantation method and so on.There were also many new methods emerged in recent years.They were gonadal injection method,RNAi method,combination of gene targeting with cloning and so on.In this paper,we mainly summarized the basic principles of various kinds of transgenic technologies and their latest research trends at home and abroad on the basis of previous studies,besides, we also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of transgenic methods in detail.At last,we described the application of transgenic technologies in livestock.Apart from this,we also analyzed the problems in transgenic technologies.