赴海地执行医疗救护任务的实践

Experience in carrying out medical rescue mission in Haiti

2010年1月12日,海地遭遇7.3级地震,伤亡惨重,全球关注。按照党中央、中央军委和胡锦涛主席命令,以南京军区南京总医院为主抽组的中国医疗防疫救护队,于2010年1月24日至2010年2月10日赴海地执行了国际救援任务。这是国家第一次派出军队出境执行人道主义救援,第一次到未建交国家执行卫勤保障,第一次以中国军人身份赴中美洲执行任务,因此,政治要求高、使命任务重、风险程度大、装备要素全、跨国行动快。在太子港的15 d,体验了境外执行医学救援的任务型、环境型和意外型风险的压力和处境;救护队在灾民集中区开设野战帐蓬救护站,现场救治突出了骨伤、感染、妇产和儿科力量,共接诊3921名伤病员,辅助检查276例共1520项,发放药品3900人次,对156名外伤患者进行了消毒清创和换药包扎,同时培训了3名当地的医护人员,向海地政府捐赠了价值约20余万元65类医疗物资。海地国际救援行动对执行任务人员有效履行使命是一次综合素质的全面考验,提高了卫勤指挥的联合能力,提升了快速部署与应变能力,增添了非战争险境的适应能力,强化了医疗与防疫的协同能力。

On January 12,2010,Haiti was hit by an earthquake of 7.3 magnitudes,which resulted in heavy casualties and caught the attention of the world.On January 24,under the orders of the Central Military Commission of China and President Hu Jintao,we,as a Chinese Medical Antiepidemic Rescue Team,were sent to Haiti on a 15-day international rescue mission.The majority of the team members came from Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region.It was the first time a military contingent was ever sent abroad by China for humanistic rescue,the first time in a country without diplomatic relations a Chinese rescue team performed a non-war military medical support action,and the first time in Central America as the militaries a Chinese unit carried out a mission.All these demined the special characteristics of this mission： high political requirements,immense responsibilities,grave risks,overall equipment,and speedy transnational operation.During the 15 days in Port au Prince,we experienced unparalleled stress and all the environmental,accidental and task-related risks.We set up a tent hospital in the victim-crowded area and,with our particularly selected specialists of orthopedics,infection,gynecology and pediatrics,accomplished field treatment of 3921 patients,276 cases（1520 items） of auxiliary examinations,156 cases of trauma debridement and wound dressing,filled 3900 medicinal prescriptions,trained 3 local medical workers and donated to the Haitian Government 65 kinds of medical materials valued around 200 000 dollars.The international rescue mission in Haiti offered an overall test of our comprehensive qualities of efficient performance of duties,enhanced the commanding and organizing abilities in medical support,promoted the capability of rapid disposition and reaction,developed the adaptability to non-war risky environment and improved the coordination between medical rescue and epidemic prevention.