摘要
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative process characterized by the formation of double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. Autophagy occurs at a basal level in most cells and can be rapidly induced under stress conditions such as amino acid starvation. In multicellular organisms autophagy also plays a role in development, immunity, aging, and tissue homeostasis [ 1 ]. Autophagosomes start out as small membrane structures called phagophores or isolation membranes,
