库布齐沙漠自然植被与人工植被土壤水盐的空间异质性比较研究

Comparative study of soil moisture and salt spatial distribution in small scale between natural and artificial vegetations in Kubuqi Desert

干旱半干旱地区土壤水盐的空间分布对土地利用和生态恢复具有重要作用。运用传统统计学和地统计学对库布齐沙漠5种自然植被和5种人工植被0～10和10～20cm深度土壤水分和盐分的空间异质性进行了小尺度比较分析。结果表明:9种群落的土壤水盐平均值下层大于表层,且盐分的空间相关性较水分更高;人工植被土壤水分(CV=5.3%～22.7%)和盐分(CV=15.7%～51.2%)具有空间分布均匀、层间差异不明显等特征,而自然植被水分(CV=9.9%～32.6%)和盐分的(CV=26.9%～180.0%)却与之相反;小尺度上,人工植被土壤不同层间的水分关系、盐分关系以及水盐关系可能随建植时间的增加会越来越不明显,格局强度将不断减弱,这也极有可能改变大尺度上的水盐运移状况,进而影响研究区生态系统的稳定性和安全性。

Distribution of soil moisture and salt is important for land use and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions.In Kubuqi Desert,five natural and five artificial vegetation types were chosen to reveal the small scale spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and salt in two layers（0-10,10-20 cm） by traditional statistics and geostatistics.Total 9 vegetations＇ soil moisture and salt mean values in deep layers were greater than those of the surface layers.And the spatial relativity of soil salt was higher than the moisture.The relations of artificial vegetations＇ soil moisture（CV=5.3%-22.7%）and salt（CV15.7%-51.2%）were even spatial distribution,fuzzy diversity between different layers,which were visibly different from natural vegetations＇（water CV=9.9%-32.6%,salt CV=26.9%-180.0%）.In small scale,the relations between soil moistures,salts,moisture and salt will be more and more distinctness along with the time of artificial vegetation planting,the pattern will be weakening simultaneously.Maybe those will change the transportation of water and salt in large scale,and impact the stability and security of ecosystem in Kubuqi Desert.