宁波象山曲艺“唱新闻”文化生态与社会生态研究

Cultural and Social Ecology of "Singing News" in Ningbo Xiangshan

作为省级非物质文化遗产保护对象,宁波象山"唱新闻"以其自身的风格与特征,依然以"活态形式"在区域性范围内得以传承。"唱新闻"虽然"活"到了现在,但其影响力已相当微弱,仅有的生命力并不是靠外界力量的输入而获得,相反,完全取决于它自身的生命状态。作为区域性民俗文化,既无法摆脱地域文化复合因素的影响和制约;也无法超越区域性地理范围的约束,其文化形态直接显现出地理条件、经济发达程度和物质生产方式的不同类型。"唱新闻"正是这样一种区域性民俗曲艺文化现象,它如同陕北的"信天游"一样,体现的是作为区域性民俗文化存在的复合因素和影响;同时,直接反映出特殊地理环境影响下的民俗曲艺文化的独有表现形态,还体现了地域内的经济发达程度和物质生产方式的类型和特征。"唱新闻"面临的社会生态状况主要来自两个方面的影响:一是随着我国社会发展所带来的社会结构变化,它改变了"唱新闻"原有社会生态关系;二是随着我国社会工业化进程的不断推进,物质资料生产方式不断得到改变,从而也改变了"唱新闻"原有的社会生态基础和生存状况。

As a provincial intangible cultural inheritance,＂singing news＂ remains to be an active art form in Ningbo Xiangshan.Although ＂ singing news＂ is still alive,its influence which depends only on its own situation is decreasing without any assistant power from the exterior world.＂ Singing news＂ is a uniquely regional folk ballad which reveals compound factors and impacts of a special local culture.Nowadays,the social ecology of ＂ singing news＂ is mainly affected by two aspects.On one hand,changes of social structure transform the original social ecology of the art form.On the other hand,the original social ecology base and its existing situation of ＂ singing news＂ change with the gradual advancement of social modernization and industrialization.