干细胞维持多潜能性的能力与机制

Ability and mechanism of stem cells maintaining pluripotency

背景:近年研究发现,成体细胞能够重新编程回到胚胎状态,这为利用成体干细胞治疗疾病提供了可能。现在虽然有不少关于干细胞增殖能力及自我更新的研究报道,但对其机制还缺乏深入的了解。目的:对国内外关于干细胞维持多潜能性的能力与机制研究作一综述。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库中1993-01/2010-03关于干细胞维持多潜能性能力机制的文章,在标题和摘要中以"stemcells,pluripotency,mechanism"为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与干细胞多潜能性能力维持机制有关者,同一领域文献则选择择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到122篇文献,根据纳入标准选择33篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:干细胞主要通过一些主要的转录因子的表达、表观遗传学的调控和一些microRNAs(miRNAs)的作用来维持其多潜能性和自我更新能力。转录因子调节网络中的主要成员Oct4、Nanog及Sox2和一些表观遗传学修饰如组蛋白和DNA的甲基化以及miRNAs共同作用来抑制那些促进干细胞分化的基因表达和激活那些有助于维持干细胞多能性维持的基因表达,进而形成一个相互调控和依存的网络来维持干细胞的多能性和自我更新。

BACKGROUND：Recent studies have found that adult cells can be reprogrammed and back to embryonic state,which provides possibility for the use of adult stem cells to treat disease.Although there are many researches addressing stem cell proliferation and self-renewal,its mechanism is still little known.OBJECTIVE：To summarize the ability and mechanism of stem cells maintaining pluripotency at home and abroad.METHODS：Pubmed database was searched for the related articles about the mechanism of stem cells maintaining pluripotency published from January 1993 to March 2010.The key words were ＂stem cells,pluripotency,mechanism＂,which were used for selecting some related articles by inputting in title and abstract.The literatures in the same field that published recently or in authorized journals were included.There were 122 articles after the initial survey.Finally,33 articles were included according to inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Stem cells maintain pluripotency and self-renewal ability by regulating transcription factor expression and epigenetics,as well as microRNAs（miRNAs） effects.The factors such as Oct4,Nanog and Sox2 in regulatory network and epigenetics modification such as histone and DNA methylation and miRNAs exert interactions to inhibit gene expression that promotes stem cell differentiation,which finally forms a regulatory network to maintain stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal.