基因修饰嗅鞘细胞治疗脊髓损伤研究:可能成为首要的选择

Genetic modified olfactory ensheathing cells for treating spinal cord injury:Possibility to be the first choice

背景:近年来许多研究表明,嗅鞘细胞在脊髓损伤治疗中可以作为靶细胞运载目的基因而发挥作用,但是这种治疗方式还存在着许多问题。目的:就目前不同基因修饰嗅鞘细胞后的功能及基因修饰与细胞表达存在的问题作一综述。方法:以"嗅鞘细胞,脊髓损伤"为中文检索词;以"olfactory ensheathing cells,spinal cordinjury"为英文关键词,检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和PubMed数据库。纳入与基因修饰的嗅鞘细胞在脊髓损伤治疗中的相关基础研究;排除重复性研究与基因修饰无关研究。保留29篇文献做进一步分析。结果与结论:研究表明,嗅鞘细胞自身能分泌多种神经营养因子、细胞外基质及细胞骨架,准确形成靶特异性轴突连接促进功能恢复。对其基因修饰后能高效表达目的基因,产生大量基因产物,影响脊髓损伤处微环境的重建和神经元的生长,从而恢复神经功能。这些细胞因子能拮抗抑制因子,保护神经元并促进神经元发育,是嗅鞘细胞促进神经再生及功能修复的主要因素。文章对几种细胞因子基因的特性、研究进展及基因修饰嗅鞘细胞还存在的问题进行了分别叙述。

BACKGROUND：Previous studies demonstrated that olfactory ensheathing cells can play its role as target cells to carry target genes; however, this therapy still meets many problems.OBJECTIVE：To review the functions of genetic modified olfactory ensheathing cells, and the problems existing between gene modification and cell expression.METHODS：Databases of CNKI and PubMed were retrieved using keye words of ＂olfactory ensheathing cells and spinal cord injury＂ both in Chinese and English.Basic research related treating spinal cord injury using genetic modified olfactory ensheathing cells were included.Repetitive study or unrelated papers were excluded.Totally 29 documents were collected for further study.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Olfactory ensheathing cells can secrete a variety of cytokines after spinal cord injury, and form accurately target-specific axonal connections to promote functional recovery.After genetic modification, the olfactory ensheathing cells can express genes efficiently, produce a large number of gene products, affect reconstruction of the microenvironment and growth of neurons at the spinal cord injured region and recover nervous function.These cytokines can antagonize inhibitive factor, protect neuron and accelerate neuronal development, thus, promoting neural regeneration and functional recovery.This article reviews function of different genetical modified olfactory ensheathing cells and existed problems of genetic modification and cell expression.