中国汉族大学生体质发展趋势与健康促进干预

Constitution development tendency and intervention suggestions for advancing health of Chinese Han population college students

背景:国家相关部门针对高校大学生制订了《大学生体质健康标准》,力求更好地评价大学生的体质状况,为国家制定学校体育卫生方面的宏观决策及相应的预防措施提供科学依据。目的:了解和认识大学生这一特殊人群的体质状况,探讨其发展规律。方法:查阅1985/2002中国学生体质与健康调研统计资料,分层、随机整群抽取来自13个省、自治区和直辖市19～22岁的汉族学生,对其身高、体质量、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、立定跳远、立位体前屈、1000m跑(男)/800m跑(女)以及体质量指数等指标进行研究,评估其身体形态、机能和素质。结果与结论:大学生身体形态的生长速度具有整体加速和快速增长的特点;身体充实度和体型总体上比较匀称,都处于正常范围;肺功能随年代的递增均有不同程度的降低,其中男生下降的趋势明显;与以往相比,2002年中国学生速度素质、爆发力素质、柔韧素质及耐力素质等继续呈现下降趋势。因此提出当前一方面要及时诊查出处于亚健康体质状态的大学生;另一方面要继续加强体育锻炼和科学健康教育等干预措施。

BACKGROUND： Physique Health Standard for College Students was formulated to make a better evaluation for college students’ constitution and to provide scientific basis for macroeconomic policy making and the corresponding preventive measures. OBJECTIVE： To understand physical condition of college students and to explore the law of physical development. METHODS： Documents from 1985 to 2002 containing 19-22 years old Han college students lived in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China were selected using ways of stratified and random cluster sampling. The physical indexes, including body height, body weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, 50-m running, standing long jump, anterior curvaturein standing body, 1 000-m running （boy） or 800-m running （girl） were analyzed to evaluate the physical states, functions and body quality. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The growth rate of college students’ body shape had the characteristics of the overall acceleration and rapid growth; the symmetrical body plumpness and body shape were in the normal range; lung function exhibited declined with age increasing, especially in boys. Compared with previous data, quality of Chinese students in 2002 showed decline tendency in speed, power, flexibility and endurance. Accordingly, on one hand, students in the sub-health physique should be examined in time; on the other hand, the intervention measures, such as physical activity and scientific health education should be enhanced.