心理学的遗忘理论对二语损耗的解释力

Second Language Attrition Research and Theories of Forgetting

语言损耗经过三十年的发展,取得了许多有价值的研究成果。在回顾二语损耗研究的基础上,运用心理学遗忘理论中的提取变慢说(或提取失败说)、干扰说以及遗忘曲线,通过对国内外的二语损耗研究结果进行解释,发现提取速度变慢说(或提取失败说)可以解释二语损耗研究中受损者在产出性技能损耗方面的表现以及产出性技能与接受性技能在损耗方面的差异;干扰说可以解释二语损耗研究中受损者在音素、词汇以及形态-句法等方面的损耗。但是,遗忘曲线却无法解释二语损耗研究中出现的"最初的稳定状态"现象与二语损耗的倒置假设。

Three decades＇ research on language attrition has yielded many valuable findings,which can be verified by a great number of books,dissertations and articles.This paper attempts to examine the psychological nature of second language attrition and finds that the retrieval slowdown theory（or the retrieval failure theory） can explain the attrition in the productive skills and the difference in attrition between the productive and acceptive skills of second languages.The interference theory can account for the attrition at the phonological,lexical and morpho-syntactic levels of second languages,while the forgetting curve cannot explain the ＂initial plateau＂ and the inverse hypothesis in second language attrition.