济南市区附近地下水化学特征研究

Research on Groundwater Chemical Characteristics in Urban Areas in Jinan

为保护济南名泉,查明泉水成因,分别采集了孔隙水、裂隙水、浅部岩溶水及泉水样品,分析了这4类水的水化学特征,选取K++Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-、NO3-、TDS、pH值等指标作为变量进行因子分析和相关分析,揭示水化学特征成因。认为孔隙水的水化学特征主要受岩石矿物成分、大气降水混合作用、裂隙水混合作用、蒸发浓缩作用及人为污染的影响,裂隙水主要受岩石矿物成分、孔隙水混合作用的影响,浅部岩溶水主要受溶滤作用、局部上层孔隙水及裂隙水混合作用的影响,泉水主要受溶滤作用的影响。表明孔隙水和裂隙水存在联系,孔隙水、裂隙水与岩溶水在局部地段岩存在联系,岩溶水与泉水成因有所差异。

To protect the famous springs of Jinan City and find out the genetic type of spings,pore water,fissure water,karst water in shallow strata and springs samples are collected,and the chemical characteristiscs of these four kinds of groundwater are analyzed.Selecting K＋＋Na＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,Cl-,SO2-4,HCO-3,NO-3,TDS and pH values of nine indicators as variables,the genetic type of chemical characteristics of groundwater is revealed by the factor analysis method and the correlation analysis method.It is considered that the chemical characteristics of pore water are mainly affected by the rock mineral composition,rainwater mixing,mixing of fissure water,evapo-concentration and human activities.The chemical characteristics of fissure water are mainly affected by the rock mineral compositon,mixing of pore water and karst water.The chemical characteristics of karst water are mainly affected by dissolution,mixing of upper pore water and fissure water in local districts.Springs are mainly affected by dissolution.It is shown that there is a relation of pore water with fissure water.There are relations between pore water,issure water and karst water in local districts.The genetic type of the chemical characteristics is different between karst water and springs.