《营造法式》的技术哲学思想探析

A Probe into the Technological Philosophy Thoughts in Yingzao Fashi

从总体上观照《营造法式》的思想内涵,能够更深入地认识和理解宋代建筑技术发展的客观规律和历史地位。《营造法式》总结了唐宋以前中国古代木构建筑技术的经验,并结合宋代建筑的社会实际,制定了一系列操作性很强的技术规范和建筑标准,因而成为元、明、清木构建筑的重要范本。当然,与西方的石构建筑相比较,《营造法式》所建立的木构建筑体系本身还存在着一定的局限性,例如,无限制的消耗大量森林资源以及健康与人居环境之间的相互关系还没有被《营造法式》上升到建筑哲学的高度去认识和理解等问题,即是我国传统木构建筑所逐渐暴露出来的重大缺陷。

The book of Yingzao Fashi （Building Codes） contains penetrating thoughts which,if reflected in an overall view,will facilitate better understanding and knowledge of the laws and historical status of the building techniques in Song Dynasty.Yingzao Fashi is a system of practical technical architecture codes based on summary of preceding Chinese wooden structure construction experiences and the construction practices in Song Dynasty.It serves as an important model for wooden structures in later Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.However,the wooden structure system based on Yingzao Fashi also shows its limitations when compared with Western stone structure system,including unlimited consumption of wooden resources and the lack of architectural philosophy understanding of the relationship between health and inhabitant environment.Those are increasingly apparent grave deficiencies of traditional Chinese wooden structure system.