芜湖市某私立幼儿园学龄前儿童营养状况调查

Analysis of nutritional status of preschool children in a private kindergarten in Wuhu

目的：了解芜湖市私立幼儿园学龄前儿童的膳食结构和营养状况。方法：随机抽取芜湖市某私立幼儿园学龄前儿童389人,采用记帐法和记录法进行膳食调查1个月,同时进行体格检查和生化指标的测定。结果：该幼儿园学龄前儿童热能、蛋白质、维生素B2、锌元素摄入达膳食营养素供给量（RDA）的70%80%,维生素B1、铁元素摄入超过RDA的90.00%,脂肪摄入占RDA的88.70%,维生素C、钙元素摄入只占RDA的40%左右,视黄醇当量最低,仅达37.00%。每人每日脂肪供能占总热量的39.60%,蛋白质供能占总热量的14.60%（符合要求的12%15%）,其中动物性蛋白质占优质蛋白的50.00%。肥胖患病率11.60%,营养不良患病率3.86%,尿钙合格率23.20%。结论：该幼儿园学龄前儿童膳食结构有不同程度的热能、钙、锌和视黄醇、维生素C等的缺乏,应调整膳食结构,增加钙、锌、视黄醇当量、维生素C的供给,减少脂肪摄入量,适当增加植物性优质蛋白的摄入。纠正幼儿不良饮食习惯,增加幼儿的运动量,降低肥胖和营养不良发生率。

Objective：To understand the dietary and nutrition status of preschool children in private kindergarten,and provide suggestions for improvement.Methods：The dietary survey was conducted for a month among 389 children in a private kindergarten by using daily weighting method combined with food records.Meanwhile anthropometry and hemoglobin determination were used.Results：The intakes of calorie,protein and vitamin amounted to 70% 80% of RDA;The intakes of Vitamin B 1 and element Fe were over 88.70%;The intake of fat,Vitamin C and Ca,and retinol equivalent were respectively 90%,40% and 37%.The daily energy ratio of fat and protein was 39.6% and 14.6% per kid.Incident rate of overweight and obesity was 11.6% and Malnutrition rate was 3.86%.Only 23.2% of urinary calcium met the requirements.Conclusion：The study shows there is a lack of calorie,Ca,zinc retinol and vitamin C in the daily intake of children in this kindergarten.This paper advises to adjust dietary structure by taking in more of them and eating less of fat.Children should be helped to develop healthy eating habits and exercise more in order to reduce the occurrences of malnutrition and control their weight.In this way the nutritive equilibrium can be achieved.