沼液配施钾肥对果园土壤理化特性和微生物及果实品质影响

Effect of Application of Biogas Slurry with Potassium on Orchard Soil Properties and Soil Microorganism and Fruit Quality

【目的】研究沼液和钾肥配合施用对苹果园土壤理化特性和微生物数量及果实品质的影响,为沼液在陕西渭北旱塬合理使用提供理论依据。【方法】以10年生礼泉短枝富士为试材,研究施用沼液和沼液与钾肥配施对苹果园土壤理化特性、微生物数量、果实品质的影响,筛选单施沼液和沼液配施钾肥的施用剂量。【结果】追施沼液可使土壤容重降低、孔隙度增加、碱解氮和速效钾的含量升高。其中沼液100kg/株处理的土壤容重比对照降低了10.6%,土壤孔隙度增加了7.6%;沼液50kg/株+钾肥1kg/株配施处理的土壤速效钾含量比对照增加了20.5%。沼液配施钾肥均可增加土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量,其中沼液100kg/株处理的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别比对照增加了132.7%、38.3%和58.2%。各施肥处理均能不同程度改善果实品质,沼液配施钾肥可使果实着色率、单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物以及花青苷含量均有不同程度的提高。其中50kg/株+钾肥0.5kg/株处理的花青苷比对照提高了48%;着色面积比对照提高了29.9%。【结论】沼液100kg/株和沼液50kg/株+钾肥0.5kg/株在果园应用效果较好,可在生产上推广。

【Objective】 The present experiment is aiming at studying how the coordination use of biogas slurry and potassium in apple orchard influences the physiochemical characteristics of its soil, the quantity of microorganisms in its soil, and its fruit quality, and thus providing a theoretical basis for properly use of biogas slurry in Weibei Rainfed Highland of Shaanxi. 【Method】 The 10-year-old apple trees were used as test materials in the experiment and the effects of combined use of biogas slurry and potassium in apple orchard on the physiochemical characteristics of soil, the quantity of microorganisms in soil, and fruit quality were studied to screen the application rate of biogas slurry alone and the biogas slurry together with potassium. 【Result】 The results showed that biogas slurry dressing decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity, available nitrogen, and available potassium. Biogas slurry at 100 kg/tree decreased soil bulk density by 10.6% and increased soil porosity by 7.6% compared with the control. Biogas slurry at 50 kg/tree with potassium at 1 kg increased soil potassium by 20.5% compared with the control. Biogas slurry applied with potassium increased the number of soil bacteria, fungi, and antinomies. Biogas slurry applied at 100 kg increased the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes by 132.7%, 38.3%, and 58.2% compared with the control. There was a promoting effect of combined application of biogas slurry with potassium on apple red fruit surface area rate, average single fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids and anthocyanin. Biogas slurry applied at 50 kg/tree and potassium applied at 0.5kg/tree increased anthocyanidin by 48%, colored area increased by 29.9% compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 The study proposed that biogas slurry applied at 100 kg per plant and biogas slurry applied at 50 kg with K fertilizer 0.5 kg per plant were the best for apple production and should be popularized.