不同冬季灌溉条件下冬油菜产量、经济性状及经济效益的分析研究

Study on Yield,Economic Characters and Economic Benefit of Winter Rapeseed under Different Winter Irrigation Conditions

【目的】研究不同冬季灌溉条件下新疆冬油菜越冬率、各生育期叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累以及根冠比,以分析不同冬灌条件下,对冬油菜越冬率、生育特性、产量及经济性状的影响,为冬油菜栽培技术提供科学依据。【方法】调查不同冬季灌溉条件下冬油菜的越冬率,并对不同冬灌条件下冬油菜的鲜干重、各生育期叶片数、叶面积指数、根冠比、产量和经济性状进行测定。【结果】不同冬季灌溉对冬油菜越冬率、各生育期叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累、根冠比、产量和经济性状有着一定影响。正常冬季灌溉量、1/2冬季灌溉量、1/3冬季灌溉量、1/4冬季灌溉量、不冬灌5个处理中,1/2冬季灌溉量处理单株干物质重、叶面积指数、根冠比相对较高,正常冬灌处理越冬率、叶片数相对较高,而不冬灌处理（CK）各项指标都最低。【结论】适宜的冬季灌溉量能保证冬油菜越冬率提高,对后期冬油菜的一些生育特性及最终的产量和经济性状的奠定基础。新疆地区冬油菜适宜冬季灌溉量在450~900 m3/hm2。

【Objective】The winter-survival rate on winter rapeseed and leaves,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation of winter rape,root shoot ratio were studied and the effect of different irrigative capacity of winter on winter-survival rate and the character of growth and development and yield component of winter rapeseed were analyzed.These researches provide scientific basis for development of winter rape cultivation technologies.【Method】The winter-survival rate of winter rapeseed was investigated and fresh dry weight,leaves,leaf area index,root shoot ratio,yield,economic characters under the different irrigative capacity of winter treatment during the different times were tested.【Result】Irrigative capacity of winter have some effect on the winter-survival rate,leaves,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield and economic characters of winter rapeseed.Under the treatment of Irrigative capacity of winter（normal irrigation capacity of winter,1/2 normal irrigation capacity of winter,1/3 normal irrigation capacity of winter,1/4 normal irrigation capacity of winter,non-irrigation capacity of winter）,The 1/2 normal irrigation capacity of winter have the highest dry weight per plant,leaf area index,root shoot ratio.The normal irrigation capacity of winter have the highest winter-survival rate,leaves.The non-irrigation capacity of winter have the lowest of various index in the five treatment.【Conclusion】The suitable irrigation capacity of winter could increase the winter rapeseed winter-survival rate,the character of growth and development,yield,economic characters.The result indicated that the suitable irrigation capacity of winter of winter rapeseed was 450-900 m3/hm2 in Xinjiang area.