完全降解(Reverte添加剂)地膜在棉花中的应用与示范

Application and Demonstration of Fully Degradable Plastic Film (Additive Reverte) in Cotton

【目的】验证Reverte添加剂生物降解地膜在棉田中消除残膜污染和对棉花产量的影响。【方法】试验设置：（1）在相同田间水肥条件下,设置Reverte降解地膜与普通地膜在棉花上的生产对比试验;（2）分四个时间段,观测降解过程,测量Reverte降解地膜在棉田中的破碎情况;（3）把埋土和暴露在阳光下不同时间的8个样品放置老化箱中,测其脆化度。【结果】Reverte降解地膜与普通地膜相比,对棉花生育期和产量无明显影响;Reverte降解地膜在棉田中达到了消除残膜污染的效果。棉花诱导期120 d覆膜129 d时,地膜大面积崩裂并形成不规则小块和碎片,部分土地裸露面在85%左右,达到生物降解第一阶段（崩裂阶段）。土壤表面小块残膜和埋于土壤中的残膜经红外线分析测定其羰基系数,进行计算分别为2~3月和3.8~4月进入生物降解第二阶段（生物降解阶段）。【结论】Reverte生物降解地膜在棉田中有显著的崩裂,小块残膜脆裂现象。小块残膜最终在自然环境中被完全降解为二氧化碳、水,进一步研究还有待于堆肥模拟试验。

【Objective】The main aim of this experiment was designed to test and veify the effects of biodegradable plastic additive reverte in the cotton field for decreasing pollution of residcal plastic film on the yield of cotton.【Method】（1）The comparative experiment was designed for degradable plastic film and common plastic film in the cotton field under the conditions of the same water and fertilizer;（2） the process of film degrading is observed and the residuals of biodegradable plastic film in four periods are measured actually .（3）the brittle rupture degree of eight samples in ageing box were measured,some of these samples had been covered with soil and others of these samples had been exposed in sunlight in different time.【Result】Biodegradable plastic additive Reverte film has obvious effect on decreasing pollution of residual plastic film and has not obvious negative effect on growth period and output of cotton,which compares with regular film.As the induction period of cotton is 120 days,after 129 days of covered film,there is a large-area breaking of plastic film,forming irregular small pieces and fragments;uncovered area of partial land is exposed 85% in first stage of biogradation（breaking stage）.According to the ascertained carbonyl coefficients of residual plastic film on the surface of soil and imbedded in the soil by measuring of infrared ray and calculation,it was 2-3 months and 3.8-4 months respectively for them to enter the second stage of biodegradation（Biodegradation stage）,which were eventually degraded into carbon dioxide and water in natural environment.【Conclusion】Biodegradable plastic film can break obviously into pieces of fragment in cotton field and hasn＇t obvious negative effect on yield and growth of cotton.The pieces of fragment of residuals of biodegradable plastic film can be decomposed into water and carbon dioxide in nature environment completely.