中原汉民族中的兄妹婚神话——以河南淮阳人祖庙会的民族志研究为中心

The Brother-sister-marriage Myth among the Han People in the Central Plains of China:An Ethnographic Study of Renzu Temple Festival in Huaiyang County

淮阳人祖庙及庙会是中原汉民族地区兄妹婚神话传播的一个重要中心点。当地讲述人对于兄妹始祖的血亲乱伦有着强烈的拒斥态度,进而在惯常类型之外形成了一种特殊的地区变体。兄妹婚神话以散文体和韵文体两种形式传播,存在着多种叙事传统。讲述人的神话观复杂多样,将神话僵化地界定为"神圣的叙事"无助于现代口承神话的研究。近半个多世纪以来政治和社会文化语境的变化虽然对神话传统的传承产生了一定影响,但并非毫无限度。

Renzu Temple and its festival in Huaiyang County form an important transmitting center of the brother-sister-marriage myth among the Han people in the Central Plains of China. Local myth tellers usually have a strong repulsion toward the brother-sister incest. Correspondingly,a special local version has emerged,in which the sacred divination failed and the primordial ancestors did not get married. Narrating both in prose and in verse forms,this type of myth boasts multiple narrative traditions in this community. Since the narrators＇ attitudes towards the myth are not homogeneous,rigidly defining myth as ＂sacred narrative＂ will not be helpful to the study of oral myths in modern China. Though the changes of the political and cultural contexts have had some influence on the inheritance of the myth,its tradition has remained.