教育与收入分配差距:中国农村的经验研究

Education and the Income Distribution Gap:An Empirical Study in Rural China

教育作为人力资本积累的主要手段,对收入分配有着重要的影响。本文借鉴Beach提出的分位数法构建时间序列模型,利用中国农村1993-2007年的数据,从受教育水平和教育不平等程度两个方面考察了教育与农村居民收入分配之间的关系。研究表明,在中国农村,教育的不平等会加剧收入的不平等,或者说教育的均化会改善收入分配状况;平均受教育年限与收入不平等之间表现为正相关关系。这表明,当前我国农村整体教育水平仍然落后,教育对农村居民收入分配的影响模式仍处于倒U型的左边。上述结论对农村的收入分配政策与教育政策的制定和调整具有重要的意义。

As a main channel of accumulating human capital, Education has significant impact on income distribution. Using the quantile approach advanced by Beach for reference to establish a time series model, this paper explores the relations between rural residents＇ income distribution differrence and education from its accumulation level as well as the inequality based on the data from 1993 -2007 in rural. The result shows that schooling inequality may aggravate income inequality in Chinese rural. In other words, schooling equality may improve income distribution. In addition, the correlation coefficient of average schooling years and income inequality is positive. Therefore, the schooling level is still low in rural, thus, the affecting pattern of schooling on rural residents＇ income distribution is on the left of ＂inverse U＂. The result is significant to constitute and adjust correlative policies on Chinese rural income distribution and schooling.