论非寿险保单“质押”的法律本质与机制完善

On the Legal Essence and Mechanism Improvement of the Pledge of Non-life Insurance Policy

目前银保合作中特别是农村金融中存在的非寿险保单"质押"并不是物权法上的权利质押,也不属于传统保险实务中的保单质押,而是一种附条件的保险金请求权转让。这一担保方式为增强借款人的信用起到了一定作用,但也存在着法律本质认识不清、程序不规范、担保程度有限、损害保险保障功能等问题。通过明确法律定位、完善操作程序、加强银保合作等途径,可以较好地发挥保险金请求权转让担保应有的效用,实现金融机构与借款人的共赢。

The pledge of non-life insurance policy currently adopted by bank-insurance cooperation is not the pledge of right provided in property law, neither the policy loan used in traditional insurance practice. The pledge of non-life insurance policy, in essence, is conditional transfer of the insurance claim, which was invented to strengthen the debtor＇s credibility. However this new guarantee method has following problems such as vague nature, inconsistent procedure and practice, limited extent of guarantee, impairs to insurance＇s protection function. By means of clearer legal positioning, improved procedural control, stronger bank-insurance cooperation, we can better exert the effect of this pledge of non-insurance policy and then achieve win-win between financial institution and debtor.