社会性格与意识形态——弗洛姆的意识形态批判

Social Character and Ideology——Fromm's Critical Theory of Ideology

弗洛姆认为,精神分析学能够经验地描述意识形态的产生过程,描述自然因素和社会因素相互作用的过程。社会性格以总体的面貌呈现了意识形态和上层建筑的纽带。社会性格是社会的粘合剂,是基本的人性冲动和社会因素的统一。弗洛姆阐明了意识形态产生的内在心理机制,并以此来说明意识形态得以控制人的内在原因,尤其是通过对"逃避自由"的心理机制的分析来对法西斯主义意识形态进行批判。

Fromm believed that psychoanalysis could describe the experience in the production of ideology,the description of natural factors and social factors of the interaction process.Social character could show the overall look of the ideology and superstructure of the link.Social character was the glue of society,the basic impulses of human nature and social factors of unity.Fromm explained the internal psychological mechanism producing ideology,and ideology could be controlled in order to explain the underlying causes of people,especially through the analysis of the ＂escape from freedom＂ psychological mechanism to criticize ideology of fascism.