激光焊接与切割造成的危害及其安全技术

Hazard caused by laser welding and cutting and its safety technology

在焊接过程中会产生一些有毒气体、烟尘、电弧光的辐射、焊接热源的高温、高频磁场、噪声和射线等,在激光焊接与切割过程中还附有激光本身的危害。国家标准GB5306《特种作业人员安全技术考核管理规则》中明确规定:金属焊接与切割作业是特种作业,焊工是特种作业人员。为了防止和减少伤亡事故,保护从业人员自己和他人的安全与健康,保证安全生产和国家财产免遭损失,从事激光焊接与切割的作业人员,在上岗前必须对其进行特种作业人员安全技术与劳动保护的教育和培训,使其从思想上重视安全生产,增强责任感,了解安全生产的规章制度,熟悉并掌握安全生产的有关措施。

During the course of welding,it will produce some poinous gases,smoke dust,radiation,high temperature,high-frequency magnetic field,noises,rays and so on.During the course of laser welding and cutting,it can also cause hazard.National standard GB5306 ″ Safety Management Code for Special Appliance Operators″ clearly specifies：metal welding and cutting are special operations.Thoses who do special operations are special operatiors.In order to prevent and reduce accidents and casualties,to protect operators and others from hurting,to guarantee safe production and avoid loss of state property,special operators engaged in laser welding and cutting must receive educationon and training on safety technology and labor protection.The goal is to help them value safe production,enhance sense of responsibility,understand regualations and rules and finally master the measures of safe production.