回归“哲人之邦”套话--近30年来俄罗斯作家对中国传统文化的利用与想像

Back to Stereotype of "State of Philosophers"——Russian Writers'Utilization and Imagination of Traditional Chinese Culture in the Past 30 Years

上世纪80年代以来俄罗斯文学进行着新文学的建构,中国传统文化对俄罗斯文学的影响有迹可寻,但中俄学者对此都未曾留意。部分俄罗斯作家或直接塑造,或偶尔提及中国文化英雄,如在《秉烛夜游客》和《回归太白》中对李白形象的塑造,以及俄罗斯作家对庄子和老子的曲解。另一些俄罗斯作家将大量的中国传统文化元素与俄罗斯文化相拼贴,如"欧亚交响曲"系列小说、《2008》和《阿狐狸》。俄罗斯当代作家通过利用中国传统文化来构建中国形象,从而回归了俄罗斯18世纪末"中国是‘哲人之邦’"的套话。这既具有当下的针对性,又折射出"新欧亚主义"的观念,俄罗斯作家对中国传统文化的书写有自己的问题意识和出发点,但他们在俄罗斯传播中国传统文化的作用不应低估。

Since the 1980s, a new Russian literature has been under construction and it could be traced from influences of traditional Chinese culture, which has not caught the attention of both Chinese and Russian scholars. Some Russian writers either directly shaped or occasionally referred to heroes of Chinese culture, such as images of LI Bai in ＂Night Visitors with Candles ＂and ＂Back to Tai Bai＂, or some misinterpret CHUANG Tzu and LAO Tzu. Other Russian writers combine a large number of elements of both traditional Chinese culture and Russian culture, such as series of novels entitled ＂Eurasian Symphony＂, ＂2008＂ and ＂Fox.＂ Russian contemporary writers construct China＇s image through traditional Chinese culture, which thus returns to Russia＇s stereotype of ＂China as a state of philosophers＂ in late 18^th century. This not only has immediate relevance, but also reflects the idea of ＂new Eurasian doctrine＂. Russian writers have their own awareness of problems and starting points writing on traditional Chinese culture, but their role in spreading traditional Chinese culture in Russia should not be underestimated.