俄罗斯的府会关系及对政治稳定之影响——叶利钦与普京时期之探讨

Russia's Government-Parliament Relationship and Its Impact on Political Stability-Cases of Yeltsin and Putin Periods

府会关系、政党政治对政治稳定的影响,是民主政治的判别标准之一。苏联瓦解,俄罗斯联邦取而代之,并随之采取激进的政策进行民主化与市场化改革,以期向民主政治与市场经济制度全面转型。转型期间,府会关系产生严重的冲突与对立,冲击到政府的威信与国家的存续,以叶利钦时期为最。继之,普京执政,扭转了情势与府会关系,将国家社会带向新高峰。如此的转变,关键因素在于普京调整了国内政策,特别是颁布了"政党法"来整合政治势力,使国内出现了政党政治的雏型,对政治稳定产生了极大的作用。可见,府会关系对政治稳定有绝对的影响,其中以对国家政策方向和政党政治的影响为最,这从叶利钦与普京两个时期的府会关系及其对政治稳定的影响可具体看出。简言之,俄罗斯的府会关系明显影响政治稳定,议会中的政党政治又扮演着决定性的角色。

The government-parliament relationship and the party politics＇ influences on political stability are important criterions for democratic politics. Instead of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation took radical policies in democratization and market reform to restructure destroyed economy. During the transition period, there appeared serious conflicts and confrontation in the government-parliament relationship which impacted the government＇s prestige and the nation＇s survival especially during the Yeltsin period. Afterwards, when Putin came into power, the government-parliament relationship was reversed and the country was brought to a new peak. Such a major change was principally thanks to that Putin has adapted the domestic policies particularly including implementing ＂Party Law＂ to integrate the political forces leading to the embryo of party politics, which has great effects on the political stability. Therefore, the government-parliament relationship has absolute effects on political stability particularly including the nation＇s policy orientation and party politics＇ influences which was concretely demonstrated during Yeltsin and Putin periods. In other words, Russia＇s government-parliament relationship obviously affects political stability and party politics in the parliament has played a decisive role.