试论伊朗人质危机前后美国对伊政策的转变

A Study on the Change of USA's Foreign Policy towards Iran before and after the Iranian Hostage Crisis

1979年11月爆发的伊朗人质危机是美伊关系史上的重要事件,它结束了美国与伊朗友好交往的年代,预示着美伊交恶的到来。文章分别讨论了伊朗人质危机前、人质危机时期和危机之后的美国对伊政策。认为美国对伊外交政策的失败是人质危机前美国对伊政策的失败和卡特时期处理人质危机的失败——两个失败构成。这个失败是由于人质危机之前美国对伊朗局势的误判和人质危机发生后卡特及其决策班子对伊朗政局的误判——两个误判导致。

The outburst of ＂Iranian Hostage Crisis＂ in November of 1979 is a turning point in the hiStory of Iran-US relationship, ending the ＂Harmony Times＂ in the history of Iran-US relationship and foreshado- wing the advent of ＂Enmity Times＂. The paper generally discusses USA＇ s policy toward Iran before the crisis,during the crisis and after the crisis. This paper concludes the reason of the failure of USA＇s policy toward Iran,asserting that this failure is nothing but a dual failure the failure of USA＇s policy toward Iran before the crisis and the failure of Carter＇s policy in face of the crisis. What is more, this dual failure is due to a dual misjudgment USA＇s misjudgment on pre-erisis Iran and Carter＇s misjudgment on Iran＇ s political situation after the outburst of the crisis.