松花江流域水污染特征及其调控对策

The water pollution features of Songhua River basin and the regulation strategy

针对松花江流域日益突出的水问题,研究总结了流域水污染的五大特征,即:入河污水量大,点面源并重;有机污染严重,有机毒物突出;大城市排放集中;水污染趋势加重、冰封期问题突出;污染事故风险高。在此基础上,结合当前流域水环境管理的现状,识别了松花江流域水污染调控的主要问题,即缺乏系统协调性。提出松花江流域构建基于"自然-人工"二元水循环过程的水质水量联合调控体系的思路,在自然水循环和社会水循环两大层面七个方面基础上建立完整的水量控制及水质保障系统,并提出进行综合管理的体制和机制保障措施以及注重水污染的风险管理与应急机制建设的对策建议。

The water pollution features of the Songhua River basin have been identified by this paperw hich includes five main points.1.A mass of wastewater is discharged into the river from point source and nonpoint source.The runoff takes considerable contamination into the river.2.The problem of organicc ontamination in the Songhua River,especially by the organic toxicants,has emerged as a major one;3.Wastewater emission from the metropolises along the river is even worse.4.Water pollution problems are severe and have an aggravating tendency especially in the icebound season.5.The basin has high risks ino utburst of water pollution accident.Based on these features and the water management practice of the basin,the main problem of the lack of systemic coordination on the water pollution regulation system is identified.The integrated regulation system considering both water quality and quantity is put forward to the water management system of the Songhua River basin.The system is based on duality water cycle,i.e.＂nature-society＂ water cycle.The integrated system including seven parts based on the duality cycle should be erected for water regulation and conservation.The measures to ensure the implementation as well as the establishment of the risk management and emergency response systems are.outlined