从张德彝七种《航海述奇》看西方的议会文化——以议会术语为中心的考察

Observing the Parliament's Culture of the Western World from Zhang Deyi's Seven Diaries of Strange Tales——the Investigation focusing on the Parliamentary Terms

张德彝现存的七种《航海述奇》,运用"议事厅"、"议政院"、"议院"、"国会"等议会对应术语,较为翔实地记述了英、法、美、德等4国议会文化,涉及到议员的数额、选举、议会的职能权限和运作程序以及最高统治者与议会之间的关系。从此"述奇"系列来看,术语"议院"之使用,自19世纪80年代以来呈现明显递增的趋势,至20世纪初基本上战胜了其他议会术语取得了绝对优势,因作者自身的局限性和时代局限性,这种议会文化的介绍总体而言还停留在表象层次,并未触及其根本的资产阶级民主的精神实质。

The existing seven diaries of Sailing Tails,employing the corresponding parliamentary terms such as ＂Chamber＂,＂government hospital＂,＂House＂,＂Congress＂,take a more faithful account of the parliamentary culture of 4 states such as British,French,United States,Germany,which involve the amount of members of parliament,the election,the functions,limitations and operating procedure of the parliament,and the relationship between the supreme ruler and the parliament.From the ＂strange tales＂ series,the usage of the term ＂Parliamentary House＂ showed significant increase since the 1880s,and until the early 20th century,it had overwhelmed other parliamentary terms,achieving absolute superiority.Because of the limitations of his own and the limitations of the times,this introduction to parliament＇s culture in general has always been stuck in the representation level,which has not reached to the essence of democracy.