摘要
"物极必反"(P)是我国传统哲学中卓越的经典命题,影响深远。然而,由于P暗中用"反"之前一阶段来定义"极",因此犹如"乌鸦是黑色的"(Q)命题一样,是隐蔽的重言真句,进而犯"以空为实"谬误,即表面有经验内容,甚至"无所不包",但实质几近"空无所指"。至于"质量互变(物极必变异)"(R)比P更为笼统,也有类似P的谬误。
"Extremes (climaxities) necessarily change (vary, alter) or rebound (oppose, decline)" (P) is a celebrated classical doctrine of chinese philosoply. This essay points out that P and "dark crows are black" (Q) are alike, they commit the fallacy of implicite tautology: pretending to have empirical content.
关键词
以空为实
物极必反
物极必变(异)
重言真句
日常语言学派
Implicity Tautology
Extremes Change or Rebound with Necessity
Philosophy of Natural Language