卡拉卡拉脐橙果实生长发育规律的研究

Research on the Principle of the Fruit Growth and Development of Cara cara navel orange

[目的]研究卡拉卡拉脐橙果实的生长发育规律。[方法]在广西柑桔研究所脐橙新品种观察试验园,选择2005年春定植的枳橙砧卡拉卡拉脐橙为供试树,自开花期始观察各品种的始花期、盛花期、谢花期和生理落果期,并选择5株树的10个不同方位的生长正常、未受病虫害的果实进行测量,每隔10d观测并记录果实的纵横经。[结果]卡拉卡拉脐橙的生长曲线呈抛物线,9月上旬前果实的纵横经大小、生长趋势和生长速率基本一致,9月上旬以后,果实趋向圆形生长。果实的生长高峰在2008年有1个,而2009年有2个。6～7月份是果实迅速膨大期,因此在每年的5～8月份加强肥水管理,特别是有机肥的供应是保证果实正常发育的关键。[结论]对卡拉卡拉脐橙生长规律的把握将促进其在广西地区作为脐橙新品种的推广,提高广西脐橙的市场竞争力。

[Objective] The principle of the fruit growth and development of navel orange—Cara cara was researched.[Method] The character of the citrus variety,which was planted by means of the technique of rootstock in 2005 in the Orange Park of Guangxi Citrus Research Institute,in the initial flowering,full flowering,late flowering and the physiological fruit dropping period was observed and the vertical and horizontal diameter of the fruit in five trees with normal growth and without disease/pest was observed and recorded from 10 different directions for each 10-day after their flowering.[Results] The growth curve of Cara cara was showed with a parabola.Before early September,the vertical and horizontal diameter,the growth trends and rate were almost same;after the first 10-day of September,the fruit tended into round growth.There was one peak of the fruit growth in 2008,while two,in 2009.During the period of June and July,the fruit growth was in rapid period.So,from May to August,the management in fertilization and watering for the tree should be intensified,in particular,the supply of organic fertilizer,which was the key to ensure the normal development of fruit.[Conclusion] The master of the growth pattern of the citrus-Cara cara could promote its extension in Guangxi region,which would improve the market competitiveness of the citrus from Guangxi province.