有机物质增施对蔬菜连作土壤肥力、盐碱化及CO_2含量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Matter Application on Soil Fertility,Salinity and CO_2 Content of Continuous Cropping Vegetables

[目的]了解不同有机物质增施对蔬菜连作地耕层土壤肥力、盐碱化、土壤CO2含量及蔬菜产量、产值的影响。[方法]于2008年11月至2009年6月,在云南通海县九街镇开展田间小区试验。[结果]结果表明,蔬菜连作种植造成了耕层土壤养分耗竭,地力衰退,土壤盐碱化;从连续3季蔬菜种植管理养分来说,有机物质增施有利于土壤养分含量提高,以满足作物对养分的需求,有机物质增施总体上促进耕层土壤pH值降低,从而有利于蔬菜连作土壤酸碱性改良,但耕层土壤Na+含量反而增加;动物粪肥增施有利于土壤CO2含量提高,从而促进土壤呼吸。不同有机物质增施对蔬菜生产的影响表现为烟杆>家禽、家畜粪便>废弃蔬菜叶>稻草,其中稻草对蔬菜具有较大的负面影响,有机物质增施总体上有利于蔬菜产量、产值提高;对连续3季蔬菜生产的影响表现为第3季蔬菜>第2季蔬菜>当季蔬菜。[结论]通过有机物质增施来培肥和改良土壤效果在短时间内不明显,尤其是稻草施用对当季蔬菜的生长反而有一定的负面效应,在蔬菜种植中应谨慎使用,从养分长期管理角度来说,有机物质增施有利于土壤养分含量的增加,改善蔬菜连作土壤生态环境,促进蔬菜健康生长,提高产量、产值。

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of different organic matter application on the soil fertility,salinity and soil carbon dioxide（CO2）content,as well as the output and output value of continuous cropping vegetables.[Method]The field plot experiments were carried out at Jiujie town of Tonghai county in Yunnan Province from November,2008 to June,2009.[Result] Continuous cultivation of vegetables caused soil nutrient depletion,soil fertility decline and salinity of soil.In terms of the nutrient management for three consecutive harvests of vegetables,the topsoil nutrients content were increased to meet the crop demand for nutrients with organic matter application,and the soil pH decreased to improve soil acidity in general,but the topsoil Na＋ content increased.At the same time,the soil CO2 content was increased with animal manure application,thus contributing to soil respiration.The effects of different organic matters application on yield of vegetables were expressed as tobacco strawpoultry and livestock manurewaste vegetable leavesrice straw,among which rice straw had a greater negative effect on vegetables,while the organic matter application was good for the output and output value of vegetables in general;its effect on the yield of three successive harvests of vegetables were shown as the third harvestthe second seasonal vegetables.[Conclusion]Organic matter application could not achieve significant effect in increasing the fertility and improving the soil in a short term,especially that certain negative effect on the growth of vegetables was even brought by the application of straws which thus should be carefully used,so far as the long-term nutrient management was concerned,the organic matter application could increase the soil nutrient content,improve the soil environment of continuous cropping vegetables,promote their healthy growth and improve their output and output value.