减租、负担、生产:农业政策与乡村社会结构的变动——以抗战时期晋西北根据地为个案

Reduction of Rent,Burden,Production:Agricultural Policy and the Change of Rural Social Structure——A Case Study of Base Areas in Northwest Shanxi Province During the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期中国共产党领导的抗日根据地的阶级关系发生了巨大变化,从而使整个社会结构重组,中农贫农成为主要的阶级。在这一结构性变动中,减租减息政策、公粮政策和发展生产政策起着决定性作用。减租减息使地主经济受损,出卖土地;公粮政策增加了他们的负担,经济进一步收缩;发展生产政策中地主富农不敢发展,而农民在此过程中得到了利益,买入土地,增收致富。随着地主富农经济和社会地位的下降,其政治地位普遍下降,他们能留在统一战线内部,是抗战时局的发展、根据地形势及他们身边生活环境变化的结果,并不单纯是减租减息政策本身作用的结果。

During the Anti-Japanese War,the class relations changed violently in the Anti-Japanese base areas,which leaded to the restructuring of the whole society,the middle peasant and poor peasant became the main class.During the process,the policy of reducing rent and interest rates,public grain policy and production development policy played a decisive role.Reduction of rent and interest rates damaged the economic interest of landlord who finally sold their lands;public grain policy increased their burdens and further narrowed down their benefits;the production development policy constrained the development of landlords and rich farmers,while benefited the common peasants who bought lands and increased their incomes.With the declining economic and social status of landlord and rich farmers,their political status fell,too,that they could stay in the united front is because of the war situation,base areas development and changes in their surrounding environment,not purely the result of the policy of reducing rent and interest rate inself.