451例湿疹患儿皮肤点刺试验结果分析

Clinical analysis of the result of skin prick tests in 451 children with eczema

目的研究湿疹患儿常见的过敏原种类及其在各年龄段的分布特点。方法对451例湿疹患儿进行皮肤过敏原点刺试验(SPT),分析常见的吸入性和食物性过敏原,并在各年龄组间进行比较。结果湿疹患儿SPT的总阳性率为80.3%,其中最常见的吸入性过敏原为粉尘螨和屋尘螨,阳性率分别为56.9%和51.1%,其次为霉菌类;最常见的食物性过敏原依次为鸡蛋(39.8%)、牛奶(28.2%)、小虾(18.1%)、花生(16.9%)和金枪鱼(16.6%)。比较≤3岁和>3岁两组患儿SPT结果,鸡蛋、牛奶和小虾的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);比较≤1岁、～3岁与>3岁三个年龄组,主要过敏原粉尘螨、鸡蛋、牛奶和小虾的阳性率在三组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尘螨和霉菌是湿疹患儿主要的吸入性过敏原,鸡蛋、牛奶、小虾、花生和金枪鱼是湿疹患儿最常见的食物性过敏原。随患儿年龄增长,吸入性过敏原阳性率逐渐升高,食物性过敏原阳性率逐渐降低。

Objective To investigate the common allergens and their prevalence,characteristics in childhood eczema.Methods A total of 451 children with eczema were included in this study.Skin prick tests were performed;the common aeroallergens and food allergens were analyzed and compared among children at different ages.Results The overall positive rate was 80.3%.The most common aeroallergens were dermatophagoides farinae（DF） and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（DP）,followed by fungus,and the positive rates of DF and DP were 56.9% and 51.1%,respectively.The most common food allergens were egg（39.8%）,milk（28.2%）,shrimp（18.1%）,peanut（16.9%） and tuna（16.6%）.There were significant differences in positive rates of egg,milk and shrimp between children of three years old or younger and those over three（P 0.05）.Comparing the common allergens in three groups,children less than 1 years old and 1 to 3 years old and beyond 3 years of age,there were significant differences in positive rates of DF,egg,milk and shrimp（P 0.05）.Conclusions The major aeroallergens were dust mites and fungus in children with eczema,and the major food allergens were egg,milk,shrimp,peanut and tuna.The positive rates of aeroallergens increased with ages,while that of food allergens decreased.