试论唐代市场管理制度的适应性调整

The Flexible Adjustment of The Market Management System of Tang Dynasty

坊市格局下的唐代市场管理体制通过限制商业人口、商品数量以及经营空间来达到市场交易有序化。但这种模式需随着唐代工商业的发展而做出调整。唐中后期各地草市自发兴起,长安东、西两市经济功能逐渐差异化,坊内商业活动频繁,均体现出人为规定的市场管理制度与市场的自然秩序之间的矛盾。为适应市场自然秩序的变化,唐政府对人为秩序不断进行调整,如扩大市场规模、模糊坊市界限等,这种适应性调整不可避免带有一定滞后性。

In the market management system in Tang Dynasty under the ＂fang--shi system＂, the government achieved the orderly market transactions by means of restricting the commercial population, the commodity quantity and the operating space. However, this pattern was required to make adjustments according to the development of industry and commerce in Tang Dynasty. In the middle and late term of Tang Dynasty, the markets all around the country sprang up spontaneously, the economic function of the East and West market became different gradually, and the commercial activities in the Lifang became frequent, all these reflected the conflict between the man--regulated market management system and the natural order of the market. In order to fit into the changes of the natural market order, the Tang government continued to adjust the man--regulated prescripts as expanding the market scale, obscuring the boundaries between the lifang and the market etc. And this kind of adjustment brought out a certain kind of hysteresis quality inevitably.