犯罪构成理论若干问题梳理——兼论刑法知识的“地方性”

Clarifying Several Questions about Crime Constitution Theory and the Locality of the Knowledge of Criminal Laws

犯罪是法律对于此类复杂社会现象的高度抽象,而刑法学、犯罪学和刑事司法又试图尽力将其还原成复杂的社会现实。在此高度抽象和复杂具象之间,产生了无数的理论和概念。无论是从历史发展的纵向还是从两大法系、主要国家和国际刑法的横向比较,关于犯罪的概念、犯罪构成或犯罪成立的理论从来就没有统一过,而是呈现出百花齐放、百家争鸣的态势。这也再次印证了法律连同其理论,都只是一种"地方性"和"限时性"的知识。任何理论总是对应着一定的问题,而问题的产生又跳不出具体的物质、文化、法律和制度条件的制约,跳不出特定的时空。制约不同,制度不同,时空不同,问题也不同,解决之道也有差异。

Crime is law＇s highly abstraction of complicated social phenomena,while criminal jurisprudence,criminology,criminal justice attempt to restore it to complicated social reality,as a result of which enormous theories and concepts are proposed.Historically or horizontally,there are no common theories about crime,criminal constitution,or establishment of crime,but many different theories about them coexist,which also prove that law and its relevant theories are local and temporary.Every theory attempts to solve a particular question,which is restricted by particular material,culture,law,and system.The difference of restriction,system,time and space,and question leads to different solution.