马克思主义经济学视域中的资本主义国家本质研究

A Research into the Essence of Capitalist States from the Perspective of Marxist Economy

20世纪70年代以来,西方马克思主义者就资本主义国家本质问题围绕"工具主义"与"结构主义"展开了持续而激烈的论战,最终莫衷一是。其实,经典作家在构建政治经济学理论体系时,对资本主义国家本质的论述是采取了从抽象上升到具体的科学方法。"资产阶级社会在国家形式上的概括"、"现代的国家政权不过是管理整个资产阶级的共同事务的委员会罢了"与"理想的总资本家"是对资本主义国家本质分别在"一般"、"特殊"与"个别"意义上的概括。资本主义国家本质是"一般"、"特殊"与"个别"的统一。

Since 1970s,western Marxists launched a continual and heated debate on the nature of capitalist states around ＂instrumentalism＂ and ＂structuralism＂,but were unable to decide which is right.In fact,when the classical writers constructed the theoretical system of political economy,they adopted the scientific method from the Abstract to the concrete on the discussion of the nature of capitalist states.＂Bourgeois society in the form of general state,＂ ＂modern state power is but a commission managing the entire common affairs of the whole capitalist states＂ and the ＂ideal aggregate capitalist＂ are the generalization of the essence of capitalist states in the ＂general＂,＂special＂ and ＂individual＂ senses.The essence of capitalist states is the unity of the ＂general＂,＂special＂ and ＂individual＂ senses.