试论乾隆少年时代的佛教观——以《乐善堂全集》为中心

On the Buddhistic Ideas of the Emperor Qianlong in His Teens——Centering on the Complete Works of Lok Sin Tong

乾隆帝少年时代便密切接触佛教,通过同章嘉三世的交往,深刻领悟了佛教文化;在与超字辈僧人同参法会的过程中,逐渐了解了上层僧人的趋炎附势,对其投机钻营的行径产生了厌恶之情;而在他少年时代的诗文集《乐善堂全集》中,其对佛教寺庙的喜爱,对闲适生活的向往,对参禅悟道高僧的尊重多有描写。从这些诗歌中可以推断:弘历少年时代形成的佛教观具有理想主义倾向,这无疑影响了他即位后施行的佛教管理政策。

The Emperor Qianlong had close contact with Buddhism in his teens.Through contacts with the Icang-skya-ho-thog-thu III he profoundly comprehended the Buddhist culture.In the process of Buddhist debate with the Chao-Generation monk he got to know the snobbishness of the upper monks and their speculative acts of seeking personal gain,which resulted in his feelings of disgust.In his youthful poetry anthology the ＂ Complete Works of Lok Sin Tong ＂,there are many descriptions about the love of temple,the longing of leisure life and the respect of the great Zen monks.From these poems we can infer that HongLi＇s Buddhist concept which emerged in his youth was full of idealism,and affected the Buddhism management policy after his accession.