优秀跳远运动员起跳环节支撑腿表面肌电活动特征研究

Elite Long Jumpers' Characteristics of Muscle Activation during Take-off

通过表面肌电和运动学同步测试,揭示优秀跳远运动员起跳环节下肢肌肉表面肌电活动特征。研究结果表明:运动员起跳过程中比目鱼肌、腓肠肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌是起跳腿的主要发力肌肉;所测肌肉最大发力时的顺序为:胫骨前肌首先发力,股外侧肌和股内侧肌次之,腓肠肌、比目鱼肌、股二头肌依次最后发力至最大;在整个起跳环节,踝关节和膝关节的拮抗肌共激活水平较高,其中尤以缓冲阶段踝关节的共激活水平最高。上述特征提示,在专项训练实践中,教练员应设计与跳远起跳用力特征相一致的专项力量训练手段,以打造出良好的专项力量素质。

Simultaneous surface electromyography and kinematic photographing were used to investigate elite long-jumpers,muscle exertion characteristics during take-off phrase.Results：soleus,medial gastrocnemius,lateral vastus and medial vastus were the dominating exerting muscles;the proper exerting order of measured muscles was ranked according to the time head of peak amplitude：tibialis anterior,lateral vastus,medial vastus,medial gastrocnemius,soleus,biceps femoris;during take-off phrase,co-activation of antagonistic muscle was relatively high,esp.that of the ankle and knee;but during buffering phrase,ankle was highest.That means： when designing special force training methods,the coach should pay attention to the physical exertion of muscles during take-off phrase so as to build better force.