西安市北关地区高血压和糖尿病患病和控制现状

目的了解西安市北关地区部分高血压和糖尿病患者病情和控制现状,为社区慢性病管理工作提供建议。方法采用随机抽样方法对西安市北关地区残疾人和60周岁以上常住居民1836人进行健康体检和问卷调查,分析高血压和糖尿病的病情和影响因素。结果在调查对象中,高血压患者占55.8%,糖尿病患者占15.8%;高血压和糖尿病的患病率随着文化程度的增高、年龄的增大而呈现相反的变化趋势;吸烟和饮酒对高血压患病率的影响明显高于糖尿病;超重对高血压和糖尿病患病率的影响显著。在高血压控制中,男性控制率低于女性;60～70岁年龄组控制率最高;规律服药的影响大于定期运动。在糖尿病控制中,男性控制率高于女性;50岁以下和80岁以上年龄组控制率最高;定期运动的影响不明显。结论西安市北关社区卫生服务机构应该加强对社区居民吸烟和饮酒、超重等危险因素的健康教育,尤其是对男性高血压患者和女性糖尿病患者、50～60岁之间居民、不能规律服药的患者加大健康教育的力度。

Objective To find out management and status of patients with hypertension and diabetes in Xi’an Beiguan＇s areas for the management of chronic diseases in community. Methods We used random sampling method to draw 1836 patients. Management and status of patients with hypertension and diabetes and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results Among the patients, there are 55.8% with hypertension and 15.8% with diabetes .The sickness rate for the hypertension and the diabetes have adverse trend with changing of educational levels and ages respectively, smoking and drinking has more serious effect on the sickness rate of hypertension than the diabetes. For the hypertension, the control rate for women are higher than men, the age of best controlled is between 60 and 70, taking medicine regularly more work than taking sport regularly obviously. For the diabetes, the control rate for men are higher than women, the age of best controlled is the below of 50 and the above of 80, taking sport regularly has no significant means.Conclusion Institutions of community health service should enforce the health education on the management of the patients of drinking, smoking and overweight, especially for some patients ,such as the hypertension male and the diabetes female, patients aged from 50 to 60, and patients taking medicine irregularly.