雪灾与救助——青海南部藏族牧区的案例分析

Snow Hit and the Relief Efforts:A Case Study of Tibetan Pasturing Areas in Southern Qinghai Province

在青海南部藏族牧区,雪灾常常破坏牧民的家庭经济,并产生其他连带性危害。阻断雪灾与贫困之间的联系,是当地反贫困战略的重要内容。本文在田野调查的基础上,重点考察了牧民、政府两个主体在灾中救助及灾后救助两个阶段中的具体行动,并对此进行了分析和评估。尽管当地的灾害救助机制不断得到发展,但仍存在缺陷。完善当前雪灾救助机制,必须区分牧业灾害与农业灾害在生产资料损失方面的差异性,以及灾民与长期贫困人口在人力资本方面的差异性。

The Tibetan pasturing area in southern Qinghai province is often subject to snow hit which severely damages herders' family economy and brings about other related hazards.The blocking of the relation between snow hit and poverty constitutes an important part of the local poverty-alleviation strategy.Based on fieldwork,the paper examines the relief efforts exerted by herders and local government during the period of snow hit and after snow hit,and presents the analysis and assessment of these efforts.Although it has been increasingly improved,the local relief mechanism still has some defects.The further perfection relies mainly on the differentiations of the losses of materials of production caused by pastoral disaster and by agricultural disaster,and of the human resources of disaster victims and poverty-stricken population.