西夜、子合国考

A Textual Research on Xi-Ye and Zi-He

两汉西域南道的西夜、子合国,因文献记载简约和阙遗,历代史家争议颇多。本文吸取前人研究成果,论证西汉时西夜、子合为两国,而《汉书.西域传》只记载一国,故引起混乱;两国地理位置在今新疆叶城南,而非今帕米尔高原;其居民为原土著羌氐与迁入该地塞种人,两者处于融合过程中;西夜国于曹魏时为疏勒所并,子合国犹存,后并周围诸国建悉居半国(又译作朱俱槃、朱俱波、句般、周古柯等),唐代佛教文献又译作"斫句迦"。

There have been two kingdoms,Xi-Ye and Zi-He,on the south road of Western Region in the Han Dynasty.Because the records are simple and incomplete,there are much controversy about them among historians in different periods.This article reviews the previous studies and argues that Xi-Ye and Zi-He were two courtries.The records in the Account of the Western Regions of the Han History that Xi-Ye-Zi-He was one kingdom confused the readers.Their location was in the present south of yecheng Xinjiang,but not Pamirs;the residents were Indigenous Qiang Di and Saken in the process of the combination.Xi-Ye country was annexed to Shule in the Three Kingdoml period.And Zi-He annexed surrounding countries and established a bigger kingdom.It was called as Zhu-Ju-Pan,Zhu-Ju-Bo,Ju-Ban,or Zhou-Gu-Ke.In the Buddhist Literature of the Tang Dynasty,it has been called as Zhuo-Ju-Jia.