商业雇佣工人是剥削者吗?——对一种理论观点的回应

Are Commercial Employees Exploiters?——A Response to a Theory

在马克思那里,商业劳动指的是,在流通领域中由物质生产的社会形式所决定,为完成商品形态或价值形式的转化而进行的劳动。商业劳动不创造价值和剩余价值,商业工人的收入是对产业工人所创造的价值和剩余价值的分割。但并不能由此就认为,商业雇佣工人同资本家一样,与产业工人构成一种剥削与被剥削的经济关系。因为,商业劳动的职能在于实现商品的价值,即完成从商品到货币的转化。作为社会劳动分工体系中的一个重要组成部分,它们有利于社会总劳动的节约,有利于社会生产力的提高,因而是一种必要的和必需的劳动。

According to Marx,commercial work refers to the work aimed at realizing transformation of product or value in circulation decided by the social form of material production.Commercial work does not produce value or surplus value,and the income of commercial workers is taken from the value and surplus value produced by industrial workers.However,this does not mean that commercial employees are,like capitalists,exploiters of industrial workers.The reason is that the function of commercial work is to realize values of the product,that is,to complete the transformation from product to currency.As an important component of social work division system,commercial work contributes to saving the total social work and raising productivity.Therefore,it is a type of work which is both necessary and indispensable.